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Definition Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) is a means for the patient to self-administer analgesics (pain medications) intravenously by using a computerized pump, which introduces specific doses into an intravenous line. Purpose The purpose of PCA is improved pain control. The patient receives immediate delivery of pain medication without the need for a nurse to... Expert

Definition Patient rights encompass legal and ethical issues in the provider-patient relationship, including a person's right to privacy, the right to quality medical care without prejudice, the right to make informed decisions about care and treatment options, and the right to refuse treatment. Encyclopedia of Surgery: A Guide for Patients and Caregivers

Definition A physical examination is the evaluation of a body to determine its state of health. The techniques of inspection include palpation (feeling with the hands and/or fingers), percussion (tapping with the fingers), auscultation (listening), and smell. A complete health assessment also includes gathering information about a person's medical history and...

Definition Post-surgical pain is a complex response to tissue trauma during surgery that stimulates hypersensitivity of the central nervous system. The result is pain in areas not directly affected by the surgical procedure. Post-operative pain may be experienced by an inpatient or outpatient. It can be felt after any surgical procedure,...

Definition Postoperative care is the management of a patient after surgery. This includes care given during the immediate postoperative period, both in the operating room and postanesthesia care unit (PACU), as well as during the days following surgery. Encyclopedia of Surgery: A Guide for Patients and Caregivers

Definition Preoperative care is the preparation and management of a patient prior to surgery. It includes both physical and psychological preparation. Encyclopedia of Surgery: A Guide for Patients and Caregivers

Definition Robot-assisted surgery involves the use of a robot under the direction and guidance of a surgeon. Purpose Robot-assisted surgery provides many benefits in the surgical care of patients. Computer-assisted robots provide exact motion and trajectories to minimize the side-effects of surgical intervention. Surgeon-guided robotics allow the surgeon to access patient anatomy with...

Definition Arthroplasty is surgery performed to relieve pain and restore range of motion by realigning or reconstructing a dysfunctional joint. Encyclopedia of Surgery: A Guide for Patients and Caregivers Expert

Definition A second opinion is the process of seeking an evaluation by another doctor or surgeon to confirm the diagnosis and treatment plan of a primary physician, or to offer an alternative diagnosis and/or treatment approach. Encyclopedia of Surgery: A Guide for Patients and Caregivers

Definition Stitches and staples are two methods by which a wound may be closed. Stitches use specialized needles and thread to "sew" a wound closed. Staples are thin pieces of metal that are placed with a stapling device through the edges of a wound to hold it closed. Encyclopedia of Surgery: A...

Definition Talking to the doctor is a fundamental requirement for an accurate exchange of information between patient and health care provider. It includes communicating private or potentially sensitive information, and requires a climate of trust. Without trust and accurate information, treatment and healing is difficult at best and impossible at worst. Purpose The...

Definition Tendon repair refers to the surgical repair of damaged or torn tendons, which are cord-like structures made of strong fibrous connective tissue that connect muscles to bones. The shoulder, elbow, knee, and ankle joints are the most commonly affected by tendon injuries. Purpose The goal of tendon repair is to restore the...

Definition Tenotomy is the cutting of a tendon. This and related procedures are also called tendon release, tendon lengthening, and heel-cord release (for tenotomy of the Achilles tendon). Purpose Tenotomy is performed in order to lengthen a muscle that has developed improperly, or become shortened and is resistant to stretch. Encyclopedia of Surgery: A...

Definition Venous thrombosis prevention is a means to prevent blood clots from forming in veins within the body. Purpose Different preventative methods can also maintain normal blood flow and therefore enable oxygen and nutrients to reach the cells of the body. Blood clots can be painful and can cause serious damage to tissues...

Definition A wound is a disruption in the continuity of cells—anything that causes cells that would normally be connected to become separated. Wound healing is the restoration of that continuity. Several effects may result with the occurrence of a wound: immediate loss of all or part of organ functioning, sympathetic stress...